Review Questions
1. In what year was Plankalkul designed? In what year was that design published?
1945,1972
2. Mention an interesting feature of Zesu’s programs.
One of the most interesting features of Zuse’s programs was the inclusion
of mathematical expressions showing the current relationships between pro-gram variables
3.What does Plankalkul mean?
program calculus
5.What is the number of bits in a single word of the UNIVAC I’s memory?Who are the bits grouped?
72bits, grouped as 12 six-bit bytes
7.Who developed the Speedcoding system for the IBM 701?
John Backus
8.Who developed Short Code?Why is Short Code called automatic programming?
ohn Mauchly, because it clearly simplified the programming process, but at the expense of
execution time.
9.Under what environmentalconsideration was Fortran developed?Which is the first version of FOrtran?
IBM,Fortran 0
10.What was the most significant feature added to FOrtran I to get Fortran II?
fixed many of the bugs in the Fortran I compilation system and added some significant features to the language, the most important being the independent com-pilation of subroutines
13.Which version of Fortran was the first to have character string handling?
FOrtran IV
19. What was the goal for developing C?
to provide a language in which programs could be organized as they could be organized in SIMULA 67—that is, with classes and inheritance
57. What data type does Java support?
int,float
64. What is the primary platform on which C# is used?
.NET
65. What are the inputs to an XSLT processor?
an XML data docu-ment and an XSLT document
66. What is the output of an XSLT processor?
transform to another XML document,HTML, plain text
67. What element of the JSTL is related to a subprogram?
Servlet, JSP
68. To what is a JSP document converted by a JSP processor?
HTML
69. Where are .jsp files executed?
sevlet container
Problem Set:
1.What features of Fortran IV do you thing would have had the greatest influence on JAVA if the Java designers had been familiar with Fortran?
string handling, logical loop control statements, and an Ifwith an optional Elseclause.
3.Write a short history of Fortran 0, Fortran I, Fortran II, Fortran III.
Fortran 0 =Even before the 704 system was announced in May 1954, plans were begun for
Fortran. By November 1954, John Backus and his group at IBM had produced
the report titled “The IBM Mathematical FORmula TRANslating System:
FORTRAN” (IBM, 1954). This document described the first version of For-tran, which we refer to as Fortran 0, prior to its implementation.
Fortran I=Fortran 0 was modified during the implementation period, which began in
January 1955 and continued until the release of the compiler in April 1957. The
implemented language, which we call Fortran I, is described in the first Fortran
Programmer’s Reference Manual,published in October 1956 (IBM, 1956).
Fortran II=The Fortran II compiler was distributed in the spring of 1958. It fixed many
of the bugs in the Fortran I compilation system and added some significant
features to the language, the most important being the independent com-pilation of subroutines. Without independent compilation, any change in a
program required that the entire program be recompiled.
Fortran IV=A Fortran III was developed, but it was never widely distributed. Fortran IV,
however, became one of the most widely used programming languages of its
time. It evolved over the period 1960 to 1962 and was standardized as For-tran 66 (ANSI, 1966), although that name was rarely used. Fortran IV was an
improvement over Fortran II in many ways.
6.Make an educated guess as to most common syntax error in C programs.
not included “;” , “{” , “}”
5.Which of the three original goals of the Fortran design committee, in your opinion, was most difficult to archieve at that time?
speed of the generated object code
8. Desccribe in detail the two most important reasons, in your opinion, why Speedcoding did not become a very widely used language.
Because of the features in speedcoding, matrix multiplication could be done in 12 Speedcoding instruc-tions and It claimed that problems that could take two weeks to program in machine code could be programmed in a few hours using Speedcoding
13. What is the primary reason why C became more widely used than Fortran?
It provide a language in which programs could be organized as they could be organized
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